ABAP CDS - Language Elements

The following sections summarize the language elements of the CDS DDL and CDS DCL in ABAP CDS, arranged by topics.

In addition to the language elements shown here, CDS source code can also contain annotations with metadata.

Other versions: ~~7.31~~ | 7.40 | 7.54

DDL

Language Element	Meaning
define annotation ...	Defines a CDS annotation
enum	Defines enumeration symbols of a CDS annotation
default	Defines default values of a CDS annotation
array of	Defines an annotation arras.

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE VIEW ... AS	Defines a CDS view
WITH PARAMETERS	Defines input parameters of a CDS view
SELECT [DISTINCT] ... FROM	SELECT statement of a CDS view
INNER JOIN ... ON	Inner join in a SELECT statement
LEFT	RIGHT OUTER JOIN ... ON
ASSOCIATION ... TO ... AS ... ON	Defines a CDS association for a path expressionin a SELECT statement
WITH DEFAULT FILTER	Specifies a default filter condition of a CDS association
1:	Attribute of a path expression
INNER ... WHERE	Attribute of a path expression
LEFT OUTER ... WHERE	Attribute of a path expression
KEY ... AS	Element of a SELECT list
$EXTENSION.*	Elements of an enhancement in a SELECT list
WHERE ...	WHERE clause of a SELECT statement
GROUP BY ...	GROUP-BY clause of a SELECT statement
HAVING ...	HAVING clause of a SELECT statement
UNION ALL ...	UNION clause of a SELECT statement

Operators	Meaning
MAX,MIN, AVG [AS dtype], SUM, COUNT	Aggregate expression in a SELECT statement
+,-, *, /	Arithmetic expression in a SELECT statement
CASE, WHEN, THEN, ELSE, END	Case distinction in a SELECT statement
CAST	Cast expression in a SELECT statement
=, <>, <,>, <=, >=,BETWEEN, LIKE, ISNULL, NOT,AND, OR	Relational expression in a SELECT statement

Function	Meaning
ABS,CEIL,DIV, DIVISION, FLOOR, MOD,ROUND	Numeric function in a SELECT statement
CONCAT,CONCAT_WITH_SPACE,INSTR,LEFT,LENGTH,LPAD,LOWER,LTRIM,REPLACE,RIGHT,RPAD,RTRIM,SUBSTRING,UPPER	String function in a SELECT statement
BINTOHEX, HEXTOBIN	Byte string function in a SELECT statement
COALESCE	Coalesce function in a SELECT statement
FLTP_TO_DEC,UNIT_CONVERSION,CURRENCY_CONVERSION,DECIMAL_SHIFT	Conversion functions in a SELECT statement
DATS_IS_VALID,DATS_DAYS_BETWEEN,DATS_ADD_DAYS,DATS_ADD_MONTHS	Date function in a SELECT statement
TIMS_IS_VALID	Time function in a SELECT statement
TSTMP_IS_VALID,TSTMP_CURRENT_UTCTIMESTAMP,TSTMP_SECONDS_BETWEEN,TSTMP_ADD_SECONDS	Time stamp function in a SELECT statement
ABAP_SYSTEM_TIMEZONE,ABAP_USER_TIMEZONE	Time zone functions in a SELECT statement
TSTMP_TO_DATS,TSTMP_TO_TIMS,TSTMP_TO_DST,DATS_TIMS_TO_TSTMP	Date/time conversions functions in a SELECT statement

Language Element	Meaning
EXTEND VIEW ... WITH	Extends a CDS view using aCDS view extension

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE TABLE FUNCTION ... RETURNS ... IMPLEMENTED BY METHOD ...	Defines a CDS table function

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE HIERARCHY ...	Defines a CDS hierarchy
WITH PARAMETERS	Defines input parameters of a CDS hierarchy
AS PARENT CHILD HIERARCHY	Defines a CDS hierarchy using parent-child relationships
SOURCE ...	Specifies the data source of a CDS hierarchy
CHILD TO PARENT ASSOCIATION	Specifies the hierarchy association of aCDS hierarchy
PERIOD FROM ... TO ... VALID FROM ... TO ...	Defines a temporal hierarchy
DIRECTORY ... FILTER BY ...	Specifies a condition for the source of a CDS hierarchy
START WHERE ...	Specifies the start condition of a CDS hierarchy
SIBLINGS ORDER BY ...	Specifies the sort order of sibling nodes in aCDS hierarchy
DEPTH ...	Delimits the hierarchy levels of aCDS hierarchy
NODETYPE ...	Defines an element as a node type for a CDS hierarchy
MULTIPLE PARENTS ...	Defines the behavior that applies if multipleparent nodes are specified in a CDS hierarchy
ORPHANS ...	Defines the behavior that applies if orphan nodes are specified in aCDS hierarchy
CYCLES ...	Defines the behavior that applies if node cycles are specified in aCDS hierarchy
GENERATE SPANTREE	Reduces a CDS hierarchy to a tree

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE ABSTRACT ENTITY ...	Defines an abstract CDS entity
WITH PARAMETERS	Defines input parameters of an abstract CDS entity.
ASSOCIATION ... TO ... ON	Publishes a CDS association in the element list of anabstract CDS entity
WITH DEFAULT FILTER	Specifies a default filter condition of a CDS association

Language Element	Meaning
ANNOTATE ENTITY	VIEW ... WITH
VARIANT	Joins a CDS metadata extension with aCDS variant
PARAMETERS	Extends the annotations of the input parameters of a CDS entity

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE ROLE	Defines a CDS role
GRANT SELECT ON	Defines an access rule in a CDS role
WHERE	WHERE clause in a conditional access rule of a CDS role
AND, OR, NOT	Boolean operator in a conditional access rule of a CDS role
INHERIT	Defines an inherited access rule of a CDS role (obsolete)
ASPECT pfcg_auth, ASPECT user	Conditions for CDS roles
PFCG_MAPPING	Specifies a PFCG mapping in aPFCG condition of a CDS role
INHERIT ... FOR GRANT SELECT ON	Defines an inheritance condition of aCDS role
...=	<>

Language Element	Meaning
DEFINE ACCESSPOLICY	Defines a CDS access policy
DEFINE PFCG_MAPPING ... BETWEEN ... AND ... USING ...	Defines a PFCG mapping in an access policy